Ben Johnson (1572-1637) was an English playwright, poet, actor and literary critic whose artistry exerted a lasting impact upon English poetry and stage comedy. He is generally regarded as the second most important English playwright during the reign of King James I after William Shakeshpeare. His major works include the plays Every Man in His Humour, Volpone, Bartholemew Fair, The Alchemist, and so on, as well as the poems 'To Penhurst', 'On My First Sonne', and so on. The poem 'To Celia' is today considered to be Johnson's best, and one of the finest poems of the English Renaissance. It is the third of the three songs addressed to Celia that appear in the collection The Forest.
Drink to me only with thine eyes,
And I will pledge with mine;
Or leave a kiss but in the cup,
And I'll not look for wine.
The thirst that from the soul doth rise
Doth ask a drink divine;
But might I of Jove's nectar sup,
I would not change for thine.
I sent thee late a rosy wreath,
Not so much honouring thee
As giving it a hope, that there
It could not withered be.
But thou thereon didst only breathe,
And sent’st it back to me;
Since when it grows, and smells, I swear,
Not of itself, but thee.
What does the opening line remind us of? What variation has been used here?
What is the alternative suggestion made by the poet in lines three and four?
How does the poet express his feelings in the second quatrain of the poem?
What do you think Jove's nectar would have ensured?
What does a rose usually symbolise? Why did the poet send his lover a 'rosy wreath'?
How does the poet bring out the divine qualities of his lover?