Available Answers

1. 1.

   Identify whether the words in colour from adverb phrases (AVP) or adverb clauses (AVC). Then, rewrite each of these sentences by replacing the adverb phrases with adverb clauses and vice versa.

   1. While Ramesh was going to school, he bumped into an old friend.AVC 
      On his way to school, Ramesh bumped into an old friend.
   2. After a visit to her aunt, Cathy decided to return to her home town.
   3. Since Ravi shifted to Kolkata, his Bengali has improved.
   4. Before the beginning of school , Arjun had finished reading the English book.
   5. As she wanted to buy a new dress, Keka went to the market.
   6. When Sushma went to London, she visited the London Eye.
   7. Vijay stood waiting for Anand right beside the library.
   8. Despite all odds, we won each of the rounds of table tennis.
2. 2.

   Complete these sentences with the correct idioms from the box. You may refer to a dictionary.

   at the drop of a hat	let the grass grow under our feet
   hit the nail on the head	once in a blue moon
   keep his nose too the grindstone	see eye to eye

   1. What are Dev and Diya arguing about now? Why can;t those two ever _________________________?
   2. My sister has not watched any films recently. She goes to the cinema hall only _________________________.
   3. The reporter _________________________ when he wrote that local people were falling ill because of the lack of clean drinking water.
   4. Our teacher wants us to submit the assignment next week. So we cannot _________________________.
   5. My father is really good at maths−he can solve any equation _________________________.
   6. Having enrolled in the French and German classes at the same time, Sameer knew he would have to _________________________.
3. 3.

   Read this passage carefully and answer the questions.

   Britain is considered the home of modern football. However, varying forms of the sport have been played in different regions of the world for at least a thousand years. In Rome, the 'harpastum' was played on a rectangular field which had clear marking, outlining the centre line and the playing area. Players from two teams passed the ball between themselves to reach the opposition's boundary line. The game was quite lively and remained popular for 700-800 years.

   From Rome, it came to Britain, as a spontaneous sport with no fixed number of players. Games involved entire villages, with no defined play area. Kicking was allowed, as was almost everything else. In fact, when the ball was too heavy, kicking was used to take out opponents!

   'Mob-football' was well-loved by the common people in Britain, but there were repeated attempts by authorities to do away with the game. As long ago as 1314, the Mayor of London banned football games in the city due to the chaos they caused. Later, it was banned in Manchester because of the number of windows that were smashed. The Royal Court disliked the game too−Kings Edward III, Richard II, Henry V made the game punishable by law, as did James I of Scotland. However, none of these efforts had much effect on its popularity.

   Soon, the game spread to Italy, where it was played at important events on specific holidays. The British introduced it to their colonies around the world and in their schools as they felt that it encouraged qualities like loyalty, cooperation and team spirit. It was loved by the people so much that it came to be called 'the beautiful game.'

   1. Give the meanings of these words as used in the passage. One word answers or short phrases will be accepted.
      1. spontaneous: _________________________
      2. do away with: _________________________
      3. chaos : _________________________
   2. Answer these questions briefly in your words:
      1. What kind of ancient Roman ball game does the passage describe?
      2. What was spontaneous about the ball game played in Britain in the past?
      3. Why and how did different British authorities try to ban mob-football?
   3. With close reference to the last paragraph and in not more than 50 words, describe how football became popular across the world.
   4. Give a title to the passage and give a reason to justify your choice.