Available Answers

1. 1.

   Choose the correct answer to the questions from the given options:

   1. Which of the following statements best defines waste?
      1. A substance that is always in solid form and is discarded.
      2. Any substance that no longer serves any purpose and is discarded, including objects in solid, liquid or gaseous forms.
      3. Any substance produced during the production of goods that is discarded.
      4. Substances that are always hazardous and cannot be reused.
   2. Leaching of pollutants from garbage dumps may cause:
      1. air pollution
      2. ground water pollution
      3. composting
      4. asthma
   3. Which of the following is NOT a consequence of improper waste dumping?
      1. Landscape degeneration
      2. Decrease in groundwater level
      3. Health hazards
      4. Impact on terrestrial and aquatic life
   4. __________________ is a safe method of reducing waste.
      1. Composting
      2. Dumping
      3. Burning or incineration
      4. Flushing in water bodies
   5. What is eutrophication?
      1. The process of oil spills contaminating water bodies and affecting marine life.
      2. The enrichment of water with nitrates and phosphates, leading to algal bloom and subsequent oxygen depletion.
      3. The discharge of heavy metals from industrial wastes into water bodies.
      4. The presence of pathogens in municipal sewage causing waterborne diseases.
   6.  Which of the following is a major consequence of oil spills?
      1. Oil spills improve the quality of marine ecosystems by providing nutrients.
      2. Oil spills have no impact in tourism or fishing industries.
      3. Oil spills cause irreparable damage to marine ecosystems, affect fishing and tourism.
      4. Oil spills make crude oil available in coastal areas.
   7. Radioactive wastes are generated during which of the following processes?
      1. Combustion of fossil fuels
      2. Nuclear fission in atomic power station
      3. Photosynthesis in plants
      4. Decomposition of organic matter
   8. Which of the following statements is correct in the context of waste and health hazards?
      1. Lead is a serious pollutants released by vehicles which affects children's brain.
      2. Harmful gases such as sulphur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen released from factories and power plants cause skin diseases such as eczema and psoriasis.
      3. Suspended particulate matter (SPM) released from factories causes cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack and stroke.
      4. Lead released by power plants causes gastronomical diseases such as diarrhoea and cholera. 
   9. Which of the following best describes the process of biomagnification?
      1. The process by which toxins, such as pesticides get progressively diluted in the tissues of organisms at higher levels in a food chain.
      2. The process by which organisms at the lower levels of a food chain produce more offspring to maintain population balance.
      3. The process by which toxins such as pesticides, get progressively concentrated in the tissues of organisms at higher levels in a food chain.
      4. The process by which nutrients are transferred from soil to plants, enhancing their growth and productivity.
   10. Which of the following statements correctly describes the impact of radioactive wastes?
       1. Radioactive wastes decompose quickly and do not pose any long-term health risks.
       2. Since the radioactive wastes remain active for several years, they can cause irrparable damage to health.
       3. Radioactive wastes are harmless to human health and do not affect future generations.
       4. The effects of radioactive wastes are limited to environmental pollution and do not cause significant health issues.
2. 2.

   Define waste. Mention some common ways in which waste is generated at home.

3. 3.

   Explain how the Industrial Revolution initiated uncontrolled waste generation globally.

4. 4.

   Discuss how waste accumulation may led to degeneration of landscape.

5. 5.

   Explain the word pollution. State three important sources each of air pollution and water pollution.

6. 6.

   1. What are greenhouse gases? Give some examples.
   2. Mention two major sources of these gases.
   3. Why are greenhouse gases harmful for the environment?