This book is intended to provide basic understanding of what is Free and Open Source. It explains the fundamental terms and theory of variety of Free and Open Source domains such as software, hardware, education, media, government etc. Free and Open Source philosophy, development models, licenses and business models are also covered in the book.

Who should read this book?
This book provides good introduction for beginners to the Free and Open Source world. It is specially written to equip students, and Free and Open Source enthusiasts with the norms and best practices of open source. You should read this book if you want to:

Educate yourself on the basics of Free and Open Source
Understand Free and Open Source software licenses
Know Free and Open Source development and business models
Contribute to Free and Open Source world

Table of Contents

CHAPTER 1. SOFTWARE CATEGORIZATION
1.1 SOFTWARE TYPES
1.1.1 FREE SOFTWARE
1.1.2 OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE
1.1.3 CLOSED SOURCE SOFTWARE
1.1.4 PROPRIETARY SOFTWARE
1.1.5 PRIVATE SOFTWARE
1.1.6 COMMERCIAL SOFTWARE
1.1.7 PUBLIC DOMAIN SOFTWARE
1.1.8 SHARED SOURCE
1.1.9 FREEWARE
1.1.10 SHAREWARE
1.2 FOSS AND FLOSS

CHAPTER 2. FOSS PHILOSOPHY
2.1 PROBLEMS WITH TRADITIONAL COMMERCIAL SOFTWARE
2.2 WHY USE FREE AND OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE?
2.3 FOSS HISTORY
2.4 SOFTWARE FREEDOM
2.5 THE CATHEDRAL AND THE BAZAAR
2.6 DEBIAN FREE SOFTWARE GUIDELINES
2.6.1 DFSG COMPATIBILITY TESTS
2.7 FOSS DOES NOT MEAN NO-COST
2.8 ZERO MARGINAL COST IN FOSS
2.9 FOSS AND ETHICS
2.9.1 FOSS AND PERSONAL FREEDOM ETHICS
2.9.2 FOSS AND EDUCATION ETHICS
2.9.3 FOSS AND STATE ETHICS

CHAPTER 3. FREE SOFTWARE
3.1 FOUR ESSENTIAL FREEDOMS
3.2 FREE SOFTWARE DEFINITION
3.3 FREE IS NOT FREE
3.4 FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION

CHAPTER 4. OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE
4.1 INTRODUCTION TO OPEN SOURCE
4.2 OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE
4.3 OPEN SOURCE DISTRIBUTION CRITERIA
4.4 OPEN STANDARDS REQUIREMENT FOR SOFTWARE
4.5 OPEN SOURCE INITIATIVE (OSI)
4.6 FREE SOFTWARE VERSUS OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE

CHAPTER 5. FOSS DEVELOPMENT
5.1 FOSS DEVELOPMENT MODEL
5.2 FOSS VERSIONING
5.3 ISSUE HANDLING IN FOSS
5.4 FOSS COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
5.5 FOSS PROJECT ROLE TYPES
5.6 PARTICIPATING IN FOSS DEVELOPMENT
5.7 FOSS PROJECT COMMUNICATION
5.8 FOSS DEVELOPMENT ETIQUETTES AND GUIDELINES
5.9 STARTING AND MAINTAINING A FOSS PROJECT
5.9.1 PRE-REQUISITES FOR NEW FOSS PROJECT
5.9.2 REQUIREMENTS FOR NEW FOSS PROJECT
5.9.3 BUILDING COMMUNITY FOR NEW FOSS PROJECT
5.10 LAMP

CHAPTER 6. FOSS ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS MODELS
6.2 FOSS BUSINESS MODELS
6.2.1 SUPPORT SELLERS
6.2.2 LOSS LEADER
6.2.3 WIDGET FROSTING
6.2.4 ACCESSORIZING
6.2.5 SOFTWARE FRANCHISING
6.2.6 SOFTWARE AS A SERVICE
6.2.7 "SELL IT, FREE IT”
6.2.8 BRAND LICENSING
6.2.9 HYBRID MODELS
6.2.9.1 DUAL LICENSING
6.2.10 PARTNERING FUNDING ORGANIZATION
6.2.11 ACCEPTING DONATIONS
6.3 INTERNATIONALIZATION
6.4 LOCALIZATION

CHAPTER 7. FOSS LICENSING
7.1 COPYRIGHT
7.2 COPYLEFT
7.3 NON-COPYLEFTED FREE SOFTWARE
7.4 LICENSE
7.5 FOSS LICENSE
7.6 POPULAR FOSS LICENSES
7.6.1 BSD LICENSE
7.6.2 THE APACHE LICENSE (ASL)
7.6.3 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
7.6.4 GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
7.7 PATENTS
7.8 TRADEMARKS

CHAPTER 8. OPEN SOURCE HARDWARE
8.1 OPEN SOURCE HARDWARE DEFINITION
8.2 OPEN SOURCE HARDWARE FREEDOMS
8.3 OPEN SOURCE HARDWARE DISTRIBUTION CRITERIA

CHAPTER 9. OPEN EDUCATION
9.1 INTRODUCTION
9.2 HOW OPEN EDUCATION WORKS?
9.3 OPEN SOURCE TEACHING
9.3.1 HOW OST WORKS?
9.3.2 OST ATOM AND LEARNING OBJECTS
9.4 MASSIVE OPEN ONLINE COURSE AND ITS PLATFORMS
9.5 THE OPEN EDUCATION CONSORTIUM

CHAPTER 10. OPEN SOURCE IN GOVERNMENT
10.1 INTRODUCTION
10.2 HOW CAN GOVERNMENTS BE OPEN?

CHAPTER 11. OPEN MEDIA
11.1 OPEN MEDIA PROPOSED STATES
11.2 SEVEN RULES OF OPEN MEDIA

CHAPTER 12. VIRTUALIZATION AND APPLICATION CONTAINERIZATION
12.1 VIRTUALIZATION TYPES
12.2 APPLICATION CONTAINERIZATION